![]() ![]() The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: I have read the journal’s policy and have the following conflicts: GHL has accepted consulting fees for service on scientific advisory boards for Elanco Animal Health, and Intervet/Schering Plough (now known as Merck Animal Health) an dZoetis. In preparation for manuscript development, further analyses of ractopamine hydrochloride data and all analyses of zilpaterol hydrochloride data were performed solely in the service of the first author’s employment at Texas Tech University. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.įunding: Initial funding for the evaluation of an association of ractopamine hydrochloride with death loss was provided by Elanco Animal Health, Greenfield, IN. ![]() Received: SeptemAccepted: FebruPublished: March 12, 2014Ĭopyright: © 2014 Loneragan et al. PLoS ONE 9(3):Įditor: William Barendse, CSIRO, Australia While death is a rare event in feedlot cattle, the data reported herein provide compelling evidence that mortality is nevertheless increased in response to administration of FDA-approved βAA and represents a heretofore unquantified adverse drug event.Ĭitation: Loneragan GH, Thomson DU, Scott HM (2014) Increased Mortality in Groups of Cattle Administered the β-Adrenergic Agonists Ractopamine Hydrochloride and Zilpaterol Hydrochloride. Only month of slaughter, presumably a proxy for climate, consistently modified the effect in that the biological association was generally greatest during the warmer months of the year. None of the available covariates meaningfully confounded the relationship between βAA and increased mortality. During the exposure period, 40 to 50% of deaths among groups administered the βAA were attributed to administration of the drug. Measures of effect were relatively consistent across datasets and models in that the cumulative risk and incidence rate of death was 75 to 90% greater in animals administered the βAA compared to contemporaneous controls. Various population and time at-risk models were developed to explore potential βAA relationships with mortality, as well as the extent of confounding and effect modification. Three datasets were acquired for analysis: one included information from randomized and controlled clinical trials of the βAA ractopamine hydrochloride, while the other two were observational data on zilpaterol hydrochloride administration to large numbers of cattle housed, fed, and cared for using routine commercial production practices in the U.S. Our objectives, therefore, were to a) quantify the association between βAA administration and mortality in feedlot cattle, and b) explore those variables that may confound or modify this association. Anecdotal reports have generated concern that administration of βAA might be associated with an increased incidence of cattle deaths. MacDonald D.M.The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved two β-adrenergic agonists (βAA) for in-feed administration to cattle fed in confinement for human consumption. Logan Rick Lohman Robert Lohmann Lester Lombard Edwin Long William Lopez Matt L. Lawrence, CGCS William Lawrence Thomas R. Lampkins Bob Land Stephen Lane, CGCS Joseph Langley Mark Langner Peter G. Klinkner Rob Kloska Adam Kloster, CGCS Don Knop Timothy D. Kipp Ed Kirchenwitz Richard Kirkby Mike Kitchen, CGCS Dennis R. Kennelly Cameron Kern Denis Kerr Hampton Kicklighter Jr., CGCS David M. Jamros, CGCS Retired John Janicke Matthew A. ![]() Jacobson Robert Jacobson David Jahnke, CGCS Scott J. Hoffman Robert Hogan Jim Holden Joseph R. Hisey, CGCS Alexander Hoefi nger Virgil E. Hickerson Brian Hickey Patrick Hickey Chad M. Greene Lucian Greeninger Steven Gregory Edward W. Gonyea, CGCS Jesse Goodling Christopher E. Gill Vincent Gilmartin, CGCS Joseph Giuliano Kristopher W. Garner James Garrett, CGCS Christopher P. Fronczek Darel Fruhwirth Ron Furlong David J. Flegm Jim Flett Jason Flowers, CGCS Eric S. Ferrie Phillip Fetzner Daniel Fielder Roger L. Duffner Sean Duffy, CGCS Andrew Dumas Mathew S. Dieckhoff Bill Dierdorff Anthony Dierkers, CGCS Kenneth Dierschke Jr. Devlin Bryan DeWeese Brian Deyak Nancy C. DeReuil, CGCS Carollane DeSart Grady Wayne O. Decker Todd Deitz John Delaney, CGCS Mark V. Davidson Jr., CGCS Ashley Davis, CGCS Douglas B.
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